What happened in 1823

23 events　World 6, North America 1, Europe 12, USSR / Russia 1, Asia 2, Latin America 1

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Highlights of 1823

Feb 28Latin AmericaJosé de la Riva Agüero is sworn as the first president of Peru following a coup against the government of José de la Mar. He only rules 115 days.
May 5WorldEmperor Pedro I of Brazil inaugurates Brazil's first Assembleia Geral, with 50 Senators and 102 Deputies.
May 9USSR / RussiaRussian author Alexander Pushkin begins work on his verse novel Eugene Onegin.
Aug 20EuropePope Pius VII dies after a reign of more than 23 years that began on March 14, 1800; he is remembered for crowning Napoleon Bonaparte as Emperor of France.
Sep 23AsiaFirst Anglo-Burmese War: Burmese forces attack the British on Shapura, an island close to Chittagong.
Dec 2North AmericaJames Monroe first introduces the Monroe Doctrine in the State of the Union address, declaring that any European attempts to recolonize the Americas would be considered a hostile act towards the United States.

World6

Mar 19Emperor Agustín de Iturbide of Mexico abdicates, thus ending the short-lived First Mexican Empire.
May 5Emperor Pedro I of Brazil inaugurates Brazil's first Assembleia Geral, with 50 Senators and 102 Deputies.
Jul 1The Congress of Central America declares absolute independence from Spain, Mexico and any other foreign nation, including North America, and a republican system of government is established.
Jul 16José Bernardo de Tagle elected as the second president of Peru by the Peruvian Congress.
Aug 18Demerara rebellion of 1823: In the British colony of Demerara-Essequibo (modern-day Guyana in South America), an insurrection of 10,000 black slaves begins; it is suppressed after three days, but hundreds of suspects are executed in the reprisals that follow.
The first Anglo-Ashanti War begins.

North America1

Dec 2James Monroe first introduces the Monroe Doctrine in the State of the Union address, declaring that any European attempts to recolonize the Americas would be considered a hostile act towards the United States.

Europe12

Jan 22By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutionary liberals) as absolute monarch of the country.
Feb 3Gioachino Rossini's opera Semiramide is first performed, at La Fenice in Venice.
Feb 11Carnival tragedy of 1823: About 110 boys are killed during a stampede at the Convent of the Minori Osservanti in Valletta, Malta.
Apr 7French forces, the "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis", cross the Spanish border at the Bidasoa River.
Jul 4Royal assent is given to several significant Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom, after the Home Secretary (and future Prime Minister) Robert Peel had worked to get approval by Parliament. Approved are the Judgment of Death Act 1823, effectively abolishing the death penalty for over 100 offences and; allowing judges to commute sentences for capital offences (other than murder or treason) to imprisonment or transportation.; the Transportation Act allowing convicts transported to the colonies to be employed on public works. On July 10, the Gaols Act 1823 is given assent, beginning the process of prison reform based on the campaign of Elizabeth Fry.
Aug 4Felipe Enrique Neri, Baron de Bastrop, the Mexican government administrator in charge of Anglo-American immigration into Mexico's state of Coahuila y Tejas, allows Stephen F. Austin to put together an 11-man police force, that will later be expanded to become the Texas Ranger Division.
Aug 20Pope Pius VII dies after a reign of more than 23 years that began on March 14, 1800; he is remembered for crowning Napoleon Bonaparte as Emperor of France.
Aug 31Battle of Trocadero: French infantry of the "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis" capture the fort of Trocadero and turn its guns on Cádiz.
Sep 30Cádiz surrenders to the French and Ferdinand VII of Spain is restored to his throne, immediately repealing the liberal Spanish Constitution of 1812. Despite French advice, he begins an era of repression against his opponents known as the Ominous Decade.
Oct 5The Lancet medical journal is founded by Thomas Wakley in London.
Nov 7General Rafael del Riego is executed in Madrid for high treason.
The Oxford Union is founded as a student debating society in England.

USSR / Russia1

May 9Russian author Alexander Pushkin begins work on his verse novel Eugene Onegin.

Asia2

Jun 5Raffles Institution is established (as the Singapore Institution) by the founder of Singapore, Sir Stamford Raffles.
Sep 23First Anglo-Burmese War: Burmese forces attack the British on Shapura, an island close to Chittagong.

Latin America1

Feb 28José de la Riva Agüero is sworn as the first president of Peru following a coup against the government of José de la Mar. He only rules 115 days.