What happened in 1869

30 events　World 3, Japan 1, North America 12, Europe 6, USSR / Russia 3, Asia 1, Middle East 1, Latin America 1, Oceania 2

Highlights of 1869

Jan 27AsiaThe Republic of Ezo is proclaimed on the northern Japanese island of Ezo (which will be renamed Hokkaidō on September 20) by remaining adherents to the Tokugawa shogunate.
Mar 1USSR / Russia(O. S. February 17) – Dmitri Mendeleev finishes his design of the first periodic table and sends it for publishing.
May 4JapanNaval Battle of Hakodate: The Imperial Japanese Navy defeats adherents of the Tokugawa shogunate.
May 26North AmericaBoston University is chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Nov 23EuropeIn Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper ship Cutty Sark is launched (it is one of the last clippers built, and the only one to survive in the United Kingdom).
Dec 8WorldThe First Vatican Council opens in Rome.

May 18One day after surrendering at the land Battle of Hakodate (begun 4 December 1868), Enomoto Takeaki turns over Goryōkaku to Japanese forces, signaling the collapse of the Republic of Ezo.
Aug 31Irish scientist Mary Ward is killed by a steam car.
Dec 8The First Vatican Council opens in Rome.

May 4Naval Battle of Hakodate: The Imperial Japanese Navy defeats adherents of the Tokugawa shogunate.

Apr 6The American Museum of Natural History is founded in New York.
May 6Purdue University is founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.
May 10The first transcontinental railroad in North America is completed at Promontory, Utah, by the driving of the "golden spike". – The First transcontinental railroad in North America is completed]]
May 15Women's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association.
May 26Boston University is chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Jul 20Children's Hospital Boston is founded by Dr. Francis Henry Brown and other Harvard Medical School graduates, as a 20-bed facility in the South End of Boston, Massachusetts.
Jul 20The Innocents Abroad, by Mark Twain, goes on sale after printing by the American Publishing Company. It becomes Twain's bestselling work during his lifetime.
Sep 24Black Friday: The James Fisk–Jay Gould Scandal causes a financial panic in the United States.
Oct 11The Red River Rebellion breaks out against British forces in Canada.
The investment bank Goldman Sachs is founded in New York.
Heinz, as predecessor of Kraft Heinz, a worldwide food processing and cheese brand, founded in Pennsylvania, United States.
Campbell's is founded in New Jersey, United States.

May 22Sainsbury's first store, in Drury Lane, London, is opened.
Jul 26The Irish Church Act 1869 is given royal assent by Queen Victoria, disestablishing the Church of Ireland effective January 1, 1871.
Aug 9August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht found the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP).
Sep 11Work on the Wallace Monument is completed in Stirling, Scotland.
Nov 4The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published in London, edited by Norman Lockyer.
Nov 23In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper ship Cutty Sark is launched (it is one of the last clippers built, and the only one to survive in the United Kingdom).

Mar 1(O. S. February 17) – Dmitri Mendeleev finishes his design of the first periodic table and sends it for publishing.
MarMarch 18 (O. S. March 6) – Dmitri Mendeleev makes a formal presentation of his periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.
DecLeo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace is published in complete book form, in Russia.

Jan 27The Republic of Ezo is proclaimed on the northern Japanese island of Ezo (which will be renamed Hokkaidō on September 20) by remaining adherents to the Tokugawa shogunate.

Nov 17In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.

Mar 24Tītokowaru's War ends with the surrender of the last Māori troops at large, in the South Taranaki District of New Zealand's North Island.
New Zealand's first university, the University of Otago, is founded.