What happened in 1878

23 events　World 2, Japan 1, North America 3, Europe 12, USSR / Russia 2, Asia 2, Oceania 1

Highlights of 1878

Jan 17WorldRusso-Turkish War: Battle of Philippopolis – Russian troops defeat the Ottoman Empire.
MarUSSR / RussiaMarch 3 (February 19 O.S.) – Treaty of San Stefano signed between the Russian and Ottoman Empires following Russian victory in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) provides for establishment of an autonomous Principality of Bulgaria (although not as large as originally envisaged). Russia however regards the treaty as a preliminary one only, refusing on March 25 a British proposal to lay it before a European congress, and matters are finally settled in July's Treaty of Berlin.
Jul 13EuropeThe Treaty of Berlin makes Serbia, Montenegro and Romania completely independent, confirms the autonomy of Bulgaria, makes Cyprus a British possession, and allows Austria-Hungary to garrison the Bosnia Vilayet.
Nov 21AsiaThe Second Anglo-Afghan War commences when the British attack Ali Masjid in the Khyber Pass.
JapanKawasaki Tsukiji Shipyard, as predecessor of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, a motorbike, helicopters, rolling stock and shipbuilding concern in Japan.
North AmericaThe Johns Hopkins University Press, America's oldest university press.

Jan 17Russo-Turkish War: Battle of Philippopolis – Russian troops defeat the Ottoman Empire.
Jun 15Eadweard Muybridge produces the first sequence of stop-motion still photographs The Horse in Motion in California (a predecessor of silent film), demonstrating that all four feet of a galloping horse are off the ground at the same time.

Kawasaki Tsukiji Shipyard, as predecessor of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, a motorbike, helicopters, rolling stock and shipbuilding concern in Japan.

Feb 18The Lincoln County War begins in Lincoln County, New Mexico.
Feb 28Mississippi State University is created by the Mississippi Legislature (under the name The Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi).
The Johns Hopkins University Press, America's oldest university press.

Jan 5Russo-Turkish War: Battle of Shipka Pass IV – Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire.
Feb 7Pope Pius IX dies, after a 31½ year pontificate (the longest definitely confirmed).
Feb 20Pope Leo XIII succeeds Pope Pius IX, as the 256th pope. His pontificate will last for 25 years.
May 1Exposition Universelle, a world's fair, is staged in Paris. In June some parts of the city are first lit by 'Yablochkov candles' (arc lamps) and on June 30 the head of the Statue of Liberty goes on display there.
May 11Hödel assassination attempt by anarchist Max Hödel targeting the German Kaiser, Wilhelm I.
May 25Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera H.M.S. Pinafore debuts in London at the Opera Comique, with a first run of 571 performances.
Jun 2Nobiling assassination attempt by anarchist Karl Nobiling targeting the German Kaiser, Wilhelm I.
Jun 4Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom, but retains the nominal title.
Jun 10The League of Prizren is officially founded "to struggle in arms to defend the wholeness of the territories of Albania".
Jun 13The Congress of Berlin convenes to discuss the Ottoman Empire.
Jul 13The Treaty of Berlin makes Serbia, Montenegro and Romania completely independent, confirms the autonomy of Bulgaria, makes Cyprus a British possession, and allows Austria-Hungary to garrison the Bosnia Vilayet.
Dec 25Stella Maris Church, Sliema on Malta becomes a parish, seceding from the Parish of St. Helen's in Birkirkara.

MarMarch 3 (February 19 O.S.) – Treaty of San Stefano signed between the Russian and Ottoman Empires following Russian victory in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) provides for establishment of an autonomous Principality of Bulgaria (although not as large as originally envisaged). Russia however regards the treaty as a preliminary one only, refusing on March 25 a British proposal to lay it before a European congress, and matters are finally settled in July's Treaty of Berlin.
Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina is published complete in book form in Moscow.

Sep 20The Hindu, an Indian newspaper, is founded.
Nov 21The Second Anglo-Afghan War commences when the British attack Ali Masjid in the Khyber Pass.