What happened in 1913

World1

• Jun 29The Second Balkan War begins with Bulgaria attacking Serbia and Greece.

North America14

• Feb 1New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest railroad station.
• Mar 3The Woman Suffrage Procession takes place in Washington, D.C. led by Inez Milholland on horseback.
• Mar 4The U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Department of Labor are established, by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor. The Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries and U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey form part of the Department of Commerce.
• Apr 5The United States Soccer Federation is formed.
• Apr 24The Woolworth Building opens in New York City. Designed by Cass Gilbert, it is the tallest building in the world on this date, and for more than a decade after.
• May 14New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
• Jul 10Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C), the all-time highest temperature recorded on Earth (although its validity has been challenged, and in 2020 a temperature of was recorded at the same location, which would make it the world's highest verified air temperature, subject to confirmation).
• Sep 17In Chicago, the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith is founded, with Sigmund Livingston as its first president.
• Oct 10U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the Panama Canal.
• Oct 31The Lincoln Highway, the first automobile road across the United States, is dedicated.
• Nov 7The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 in North America claims 19 ships, and more than 250 lives.
• Dec 23The Federal Reserve System is created as the central banking system of the United States, by Woodrow Wilson's signature of the Federal Reserve Act.
• Dec 24Italian Hall disaster: seventy-three people – mostly striking mine workers and their families – are crushed to death in a stampede in Calumet, Michigan.
• Camel cigarettes are introduced by R. J. Reynolds in the United States (the first packaged cigarettes).

Europe16

• Jan 3First Balkan War: Greece completes its capture of the eastern Aegean island of Chios, as the last Ottoman forces on the island surrender.
• Jan 18First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war.
• Mar 4First Balkan War: Battle of Bizani – Forces of the Kingdom of Greece capture the forts of Bizani (covering the approaches to Ioannina) from the Ottoman Empire.
• Mar 18King George I of Greece is assassinated after 50 years on the throne; he is succeeded by his son Constantine I.
• May 30First Balkan War: The Treaty of London is signed, ending the war. Greece is granted those parts of southern Epirus which it does not already control, and the independence of Albania is recognised.
• Jun 1The Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War.
• Jun 4Emily Davison, a British suffragette, runs out in front of the King's horse, Anmer, at The Derby. She is trampled and dies four days later in hospital, never having regained consciousness.
• Jun 18The Arab Congress of 1913 opens, during which Arab nationalists meet to discuss desired reforms under the Ottoman Empire.
• Aug 10Second Balkan War: The Treaty of Bucharest is signed, ending the war. Macedonia is divided, and Northern Epirus is assigned to Albania.
• Aug 23The Little Mermaid statue is finished in Copenhagen, Denmark.
• Oct 14Senghenydd colliery disaster: An explosion at the Universal Colliery, Senghenydd in South Wales kills 439 miners, the worst mining accident in the United Kingdom.
• Oct 18The Monument to the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig, Germany is finished.
• Dec 1Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
• Prada is established as a leather goods dealer in Milan, by Mario Prada and his brother.
• Astra, a predecessor of the AstraZeneca global healthcare and pharmaceutical brand, is founded in Södertälje, Sweden.

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USSR / Russia1

• May 29The ballet The Rite of Spring (music by Igor Stravinsky, conducted by Pierre Monteux, choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky and design by Nicholas Roerich) is premiered by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris; its modernist style provokes one of the most famous classical music riots in history. The audience includes Gabriele D'Annunzio, Coco Chanel, Marcel Duchamp, Harry Graf Kessler and Maurice Ravel.

Asia7

• Feb 13Thubten Gyatso, the 13th Dalai Lama, declares the independence of Tibet from Qing dynasty China.
• Mar 20Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (Kuomintang), is wounded in an assassination attempt, and dies two days later.
• MarFollowing the assassination of his rival Song Jiaoren, Yuan Shikai uses military force to dissolve China's parliament, and rules as a dictator.
• May 3Raja Harishchandra, the first full-length Indian feature film, is released, marking the beginning of the Indian film industry.
• Jun 11Battle of Bud Bagsak: Armed with guns and heavy artillery, U.S. and Philippine troops under General John J. "Black Jack" Pershing fight a four-day battle against 500 Moro rebels, who are armed mostly with kampilan swords. The rebels are killed in a final desperate charge on June 15.
• Aug 4Republic of China: The city of Chongqing (Chungking) declares independence; Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks.
• Dec 25Disfellowshipped Adventist lay preacher Felix Manalo begins the new religious movement known as the Iglesia ni Cristo with the baptism of its first members.

Middle East4

• Jan 231913 Ottoman coup d'état: Enver Pasha comes to power.
• Mar 26Balkan Wars: The Siege of Adrianople ends, when Bulgarian forces take Adrianople from the Ottomans.
• Sep 29Second Balkan War: The Treaty of Constantinople is signed in Istanbul, between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
• The State Security Investigations Service, the Middle East's first internal security service, is established in Egypt.

Latin America5

• Feb 9Mexican Revolution: "La Decena Trágica", the rebellion of some military chiefs against the President Francisco I. Madero, begins.
• Feb 18Mexican Revolution: President Francisco I. Madero and Vice President José María Pino Suárez are forced to resign.
• Mar 26Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadalupe, and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government, as head of the Constitutionals.
• Jul 27The town of San Javier, Uruguay, is founded by Russian settlers.
• Dec 1Buenos Aires Underground, the first in South America, opens.