What happened in 1933

World4

• Mar 5The Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "Bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all financial transactions (the 'holiday' ends on March 13).
• Jul 14The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring is enacted, allowing compulsory sterilization of citizens suffering from a list of alleged genetic disorders.
• Jul 15The Four-Power Pact is signed by Britain, France, Germany and Italy.
• Oct 17Scientist Albert Einstein arrives from Europe in the United States, where he settles permanently as a refugee from Nazi Germany and takes up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey.

Japan3

• Feb 23The Imperial Japanese Army invades Rehe province in northern China.
• Mar 31933 Sanriku earthquake: A powerful earthquake and tsunami hit Honshū, Japan, killing approximately 3,000 people.
• Dec 26The Nissan Motor Company is organized in Tokyo, Japan.

North America11

• Feb 15In Miami, Giuseppe Zangara attempts to assassinate President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, but instead fatally wounds the Mayor of Chicago, Anton Cermak. Zangara is executed on March 20 by the electric chair.
• Mar 2King Kong: The original King Kong film, starring Fay Wray and directed by Merian C. Cooper, debuts in New York City.
• Mar 4Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in as the 32nd president of the United States.
• Mar 10The 6.4 Long Beach earthquake shakes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing 115 people.
• Apr 5United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a national emergency and issues Executive Order 6102, making it illegal for U.S. citizens to own substantial amounts of monetary gold or bullion.
• May 18New Deal: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs an act creating the Tennessee Valley Authority.
• May 27New Deal in the United States: The Federal Securities Act is signed into law, requiring the registration of securities with the Federal Trade Commission.
• May 27The Century of Progress World's Fair opens in Chicago.
• Jun 17Kansas City massacre: At the Union Station in Kansas City, Missouri, gangsters kill four law enforcement officers and detained fugitive bank robber Frank Nash.
• Oct 101933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion: A bomb destroys a United Airlines Boeing 247 on a transcontinental flight in mid-air near Chesterton, Indiana, killing all 7 on board, in the first proven case of sabotage in civil aviation, although no suspect is ever identified.
• Nov 8New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.

Europe20

• Feb 27Reichstag fire: Germany's parliament building in Berlin, the Reichstag building, is set on fire under controversial circumstances. The following day, the Reichstag Fire Decree is passed in response to the Reichstag fire, nullifying many German civil liberties.
• Mar 4The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure; Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates authoritarian rule by decree, an origin of Austrofascism.
• Mar 5March 1933 German federal election: The Nazi Party gains 43.9% of the votes.
• Mar 15Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss keeps members of the National Council from convening, starting the Austrofascist dictatorship.
• Mar 20Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp, is completed in Germany (it opens March 22 to hold political prisoners).
• Mar 23Gleichschaltung: The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler effectively the dictator of Germany.
• Mar 29Welsh journalist Gareth Jones makes the first report in the West of the Holodomor famine genocide in Ukraine.
• Apr 21Nazi Germany outlaws the kosher ritual shechita.
• Apr 26The Gestapo secret police is established in Nazi Germany by Hermann Göring.
• May 2Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler prohibits trade unions.
• May 17Vidkun Quisling and Johan Bernhard Hjort form the Nasjonal Samling (the National Gathering Party) of Norway.
• Jun 22Nazi Germany outlaws the Social-Democratic Party (SPD).
• Jul 14In Nazi Germany:
• Jul 20Reichskonkordat: Vatican state secretary Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) signs an accord with Germany.
• Oct 7Air France is formed by the merger of five French airline companies, beginning operations with 250 planes.

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USSR / Russia1

• JunThe Holodomor famine-genocide in Ukraine reaches its peak, with 30,000 deaths from human-made starvation each day. The average life expectancy for a Ukrainian male born this year is 7.3 years.

Asia4

• Jan 28"Pakistan Declaration": Choudhry Rahmat Ali publishes (in Cambridge, UK) a pamphlet entitled Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?, in which he calls for the creation of a Muslim state in northwest India that he calls "Pakstan"; this influences the Pakistan Movement.
• Apr 3The first flight over Mount Everest is made by the British Houston-Mount Everest Flight Expedition, led by the Marquis of Clydesdale, and funded by Lucy, Lady Houston.
• Aug 25The Diexi earthquake shakes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.
• Nov 22The Fujian People's Government is declared in Fujian Province, China.

Middle East1

• Aug 7Simele massacre: More than 3,000 Assyrian Iraqis are killed by Iraqi government troops.

Latin America2

• May 10Chaco War: Paraguay formally declares war on Bolivia.
• Dec 26Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States is signed by participants in the 7th International Conference of American States; it is significant in the development of the declarative theory of statehood.