What happened in the 7th century BC

World3

• 700 BCThe Scythians start settling in Cimmerian areas, slowly replacing the previous inhabitants.
• 700 BCThe Upanishads, a sacred text of Hinduism, are written around this time.
• 653 BCAtlanersa becomes ruler of the Napatan kingdom of Kush after the collapse of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.

Japan1

• February 11, 660 BC—Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.

Europe15

• 700 BCEnd of the Villanovan culture in northern Italy and rise of the Etruscan civilization.
• 673 BCTullus Hostilius becomes king of Rome.
• 669 BCArgos defeats Sparta for the last time, this time using a hoplite phalanx, at the battle of Hysiae.
• 667 BCByzantium founded by Megaran colonists under Byzas. (traditional date)
• 664 BCFirst naval battle in Greek recorded history, between Corinth and Corcyra.
• 660 BCEstimated date of the impact that created the Kaali crater
• 657 BCCypselus becomes the first tyrant of Corinth.
• 650 BCThe town of Abdera in Thrace is founded by colonists from Clazomenae.
• 650 BCA climate change affects all the Bronze Age cultures in Europe with colder and wetter climate, and tribes from the Scandinavian Nordic Bronze Age cultures are pushed downwards into the European continent.
• April 6, 648 BC: Earliest Greek-chronicled solar eclipse.
• 648 BCPankration becomes an event at the Ancient Olympic Games.
• 642 BCAncus Marcius becomes king of Rome (traditional date).
• 632 BCCylon, Athenian noble, seizes the Acropolis in a failed attempt to become king.
• 631 BCFounding of Cyrene, a Greek colony in Libya (North Africa) (approximate date).
• 616 BCLucius Tarquinius Priscus becomes king of Rome.

Asia15

• 697 BCDeath of King Huan of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 696 BCKing Zhuang of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 696 BCThe Cimmerians ravage Phrygia, possible migration of the Armenians.
• 682 BCDeath of King Zhuang of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 681 BCKing Xi of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 677 BCDeath of King Xi of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 676 BCKing Hui of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 651 BCKing Xiang of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 632 BCIn the Battle of Chengpu, the Chinese kingdom of Jin and her allies defeat the kingdom of Chu and her allies.
• 619 BCDeath of King Xiang of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 618 BCKing Qing of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 613 BCDeath of King Qing of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 612 BCKing Kuang of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 607 BCDeath of King Kuang of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.
• 606 BCKing Ding of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.

Middle East47

• 687 BCHezekiah succeeded by Manasseh as king of Judah.
• 656 BCPsamtik I extends his control over all of Egypt. End of Twenty-fifth Dynasty.
• 653 BCAtta-Khumma-In-Shushinak and Khumbanigash II succeed Shilhak-In-Shushinak and Tempti-Khumma-In-Shushinak as kings of the Elamite Empire.
• 640 BCDecisive victory of Assyria over Elamite Empire; Assurbanipal captures its last king Khumma-Khaldash III, annexes Elam, and lays waste the country.
• 627 BCDeath of Assurbanipal, king of Assyria; he is succeeded by Assur-etel-ilani (approximate date).
• 626 BCNabopolassar revolts against Assyria, founds the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
• 625 BCCyaxares becomes king of the Median Empire.
• 625 BCMedes and Babylonians assert their independence from Assyria and attack Nineveh (approximate date).
• 622 BCText of Deuteronomy found in the Temple in Jerusalem. The Hebrew prophet Ezekiel said to be born this year.
• 609 BCKing Josiah of Judah dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt, who is on his way north to aid the rump Assyrian state of Ashur-uballit II.
• 609 BCJehoahaz succeeds his father Josiah as King of Judah, but is quickly deposed by Necho, who installs Jehoahaz's brother Jehoiakim in his place.
• 609 BCThe Babylonians defeat the Assyrian army of Ashur-uballit II and capture Harran. Ashur-uballit, the last Assyrian king, disappears from history.
• 605 BCBattle of Carchemish: Crown Prince Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon defeats the army of Necho II of Egypt, securing the Babylonian conquest of Assyria. The Babylonians pursue the Egyptians through Syria and Palestine.
• 605 BCNebuchadnezzar II succeeds his father Nabopolassar as King of Babylon.
• 601 BCAn alliance of Medes (from western Iran) and Scythians (who originated from the Eurasian Steppe) invade the northern and eastern parts of Assyria.

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Africa1

• 660 BCFirst known use of the Demotic script.