What happened in 1790–1799

World13

• 1791The Treaty of Sistova is signed, ending the Ottoman–Habsburg wars.
• 1792The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea.
• 1792France declares war against Austria, beginning the French Revolutionary Wars and the War of the First Coalition.
• 1792War in Defence of the Constitution: Russia invades Poland.
• 1794Tadeusz Kościuszko makes his proclamation starting the Kościuszko Uprising against the Russian Empire and Kingdom of Prussia in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Prussian Partition.
• 1794The Kościuszko Uprising ends in the defeat of Tadeusz Kościuszko and his forces.
• 1794The United States and Great Britain sign the Jay Treaty (coming into effect in 1796), which attempts to clear up some issues left over from the American Revolutionary War and secures a decade of peaceful trade between the two nations. Britain agrees to evacuate border forts in the Northwest Territory (roughly the area north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi) and thereby end British support for the Indians.
• 1795The United States Senate ratifies the Jay Treaty with Great Britain.
• 1795President Washington signs the Jay Treaty with Britain on behalf of the United States.
• 1796Empress Catherine the Great signs an agreement with Great Britain, formally joining Russia to the coalition.
• 1797The Treaty of Campo Formio ends the War of the First Coalition.
• 1799Quasi-War: In the single-ship action of USS Constellation vs L'Insurgente in the Caribbean, the American ship is the victor.
• 1799George Washington, first President of the United States, dies at Mount Vernon, Virginia, aged 67.

North America13

• 1790In New York City, the Supreme Court of the United States convenes for the first time.
• 1790Two Quaker delegates petition the United States Congress for the abolition of slavery.
• 1790Thomas Jefferson reports to President George Washington in New York, as the new United States Secretary of State.
• 1790Alexander Hamilton's Assumption Bill, giving effect to his First Report on the Public Credit, is passed in the United States Congress, allowing the federal government to assume the consolidated debts of the U.S. states.
• 1790A newly passed U.S. tariff act creates the system of cutters for revenue enforcement (later named the United States Revenue Cutter Service), the forerunner of the Coast Guard.
• 1792The Buttonwood Agreement is signed, beginning the New York Stock Exchange.
• 1792The second United States presidential election is held. Incumbent President George Washington receives all 132 electoral votes for president, and incumbent Vice President John Adams is re-elected with 77 of 132 votes, with George Clinton receiving 50.
• 1793The cornerstone to the future United States Capitol is dedicated by U.S. President Washington at the site of the new Federal City on the Potomac River.
• 1795The University of North Carolina opens to students at Chapel Hill, becoming the first state university in the United States.
• 1795The Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies are founded at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
• 1796John Adams defeats Thomas Jefferson, in the 1796 U.S. presidential election.
• 1798Quasi-War: The United States Congress rescinds treaties with France, sparking the war.
• 1798The United States Marine Corps is re-established under its present name.

Europe64

• 1790France is divided into 83 départements, which cut across the former provinces, in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on noble ownership of land.
• 1790French Revolution: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed. This completes the destruction of the monastic orders, legislating out of existence all regular and secular chapters for either sex, abbacies and priorships.
• 1790French Revolution: Citizens of Paris celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation, in the Fête de la Fédération.
• 1790Louis XVI gives his public assent to Civil Constitution of the Clergy during the French Revolution.
• 1791The Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth proclaims the Constitution of May 3, 1791, the first modern codified constitution in Europe.
• 1791Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera seria, La clemenza di Tito, premières at the Estates Theatre in Prague with Mozart conducting to mark the coronation of Leopold II as King of Bohemia.
• 1791Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's singspiel opera The Magic Flute (Die Zauberflöte) premières at the Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden in Vienna with Mozart conducting.
• 1791Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies early this morning aged 35 at his home in Vienna, having been bedridden since November 20 with a serious illness, perhaps acute rheumatic fever. On a mild and misty December 7, following a funeral service in St. Stephen's Cathedral, he is buried in a common unmarked grave (as customary at this time) in St. Marx Cemetery in the presence of Salieri, Süssmayr, van Swieten (his patron) and two other musicians.
• 1792War of the First Coalition: Battle of Verdun – Prussian forces defeat French troops led by Nicolas-Joseph Beaurepaire.
• 1792French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Valmy – The French revolutionary army defeats the Prussians under the Duke of Brunswick after a 7-hour artillery duel.
• 1792War of the First Coalition: Battle of Jemappes – Austrian armies under the command of Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen are defeated in Belgium (at this time part of the Austrian Netherlands) by the French Army led by General Charles François Dumouriez.
• 1792War of the First Coalition: The Siege of Antwerp ends with the surrender of the Austrian garrison
• 1793French Revolutionary Wars: The French First Republic declares war on Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and (on March 7) Spain. During the year, the War of the First Coalition is joined by Portugal, the Holy Roman Empire, Naples and Tuscany in opposition to France.
• 1793French Revolutionary Wars: The Committee of Public Safety is established in France, with Georges Danton as its head.
• 1793French Revolution: War in the Vendée: Battle of Savenay – A Republican force decisively defeats the counterrevolutionary Catholic and Royal Army, ending the Virée de Galerne.

49 more in the app

USSR / Russia2

• 1791The Pale of Settlement is established by ukase of Catherine the Great, specifying those areas of the Russian Empire in which Jews are permitted permanent residency.
• 1796Persian Expedition of 1796: Russian troops storm Derbent.

Asia3

• 1790The Peking Opera is born, when the Four Great Anhui Troupes introduce Anhui opera to Beijing, in honor of the Qianlong Emperor's 80th birthday.
• 1791The first printed manuscript of Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin, one of the Classic Chinese Novels, begins publication posthumously.
• 1799Battle of Seringapatam: Tipu Sultan is defeated and killed by the British, ending the captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam ends and concluding the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.

Middle East4

• 1798Egyptian Campaign: Napoleon Bonaparte disembarks his French army in Marabout Bay near Alexandria.
• 1798Battle of the Pyramids: Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Ottoman forces near the Pyramids. French forces claim control over Egypt's political center.
• 1798Battle of the Nile (near Abu Qir): Lord Nelson defeats the French navy under Admiral Brueys. 11 of the 13 French battleships are captured or destroyed, including the flagship Orient whose magazine explodes; Nelson himself is wounded in the head.
• 1799Battle of Abukir: French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte defeat 20,000 Ottoman Mamluk troops under Mustafa Pasha at Abukir. The French suffer only 220 dead and 600 wounded while the Ottoman losses are enormous: 2,000 dead on the battlefield, 11,000 men drowned, 5,000 prisoners of war. Napoleon captures 100 Ottoman banners, 32 guns, 400 horses and three Pashas' Bunchuks (ceremonial flags issued to Pasha).

Latin America1

• 1792Haitian Revolution: Battle of Croix-des-Bouquets – Black slave insurgents gain a victory in the first major battle of the revolution.