What happened in 1800–1809

World3

• 1803The Napoleonic Wars begin, when the United Kingdom declares war on France, after France refuses to withdraw from Dutch territory.
• 1804The Napoleonic Code is adopted as French civil law.
• 1807Napoleonic Wars: France issues the Milan Decree which confirms the Continental System (i.e. no European country is to trade with the United Kingdom).

North America23

• 1800The first voting, albeit indirect, begins in the 1800 United States presidential election as voters in the state of New York make their selections for the New York state legislature, which in turn will vote on October 31 for the state's 12 presidential electors. A majority of state legislature members are from the Democratic-Republican Party, rather than the Federalist Party. At the time, only 4 of the 16 U.S. states (Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina and Virginia) have a popular vote for the presidential electors and the President. The other 12, including New York, have a popular vote for the state legislature, but not for the president. At the time, neither of the major parties have picked their nominees for president and vice president. The result will not be certified until February, 1801.
• 1800The U.S. Library of Congress is founded in Washington, D.C.
• 1800U.S. President John Adams moves to Washington. Because the President's Mansion is still under construction, President Adams takes up residence at Tunnicliffe's City Hotel near the unfinished U.S. Capitol Building.
• 1800The 1800 United States presidential election: The Electoral College casts votes for president and Vice President that result in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, requiring a contingent election which will select Jefferson as president.
• 1801First Barbary War: Action of 1 August 1801 – United States Navy schooner captures the 14-gun Tripolitan corsair polacca Tripoli off the north African coast, in a single-ship action.
• 1802The United States Army Corps of Engineers is re-established, and the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York is established under its management, opening on July 4.
• 1802The port of New Orleans and the lower Mississippi River are closed to American traffic by order of the city's Spanish administrator, Juan Ventura Morales, threatening the economy in the western United States, and prompting the need for the Louisiana Purchase.
• 1803Monroe and Livingston sail for Paris to discuss, and possibly buy, New Orleans; they end up completing the Louisiana Purchase.
• 1803The Louisiana Purchase is made from France by the United States.
• 1803The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
• 1803The Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, doubling the size of the United States.
• 1803The Louisiana Purchase is completed as the French prefect, de Laussat, formally transfers ownership of land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains to the United States, by way of commissioners William C. C. Claiborne and James Wilkinson. Claiborne is appointed as the area's first American governor.
• 1804Louisiana Purchase, Three Flags Day: In St. Louis, a formal ceremony is conducted to transfer ownership of Louisiana Territory from France to the United States.
• 1804Thomas Jefferson defeats Charles C. Pinckney in the United States presidential election.
• 18081808 United States presidential election: James Madison defeats Charles C. Pinckney, winning 122 electoral votes to Pinckney's 47. Ten of the 17 states choose their electors by popular vote; the rest choose through state legislatures. George Clinton, who is separately elected as vice president, gets six electoral votes for president.

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Europe65

• 1805Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition – Battle of Trafalgar: The British fleet, led by Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, defeated a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain; however, Admiral Nelson is fatally shot.
• 1805Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Austerlitz – French troops under Napoleon decisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian force.
• 1806Sixteen German Imperial States leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine, leading to the collapse of the Empire. Liechtenstein is given full sovereignty.
• 1808Peninsular War: Dos de Mayo Uprising – The people of Madrid rise up against the French troops.
• 1808Ferdinand VII is forced to abdicate as King of Spain by Napoleon. This effectively ends the Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808) as the United Kingdom allies with Spain and Portugal against the French in the Peninsular War.
• 1808Peninsular War: First siege of Zaragoza – Spanish resist the French.
• 1808Joseph Bonaparte approves the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter intended as the basis for his rule as King of Spain, during the Peninsular War.
• 1808Peninsular War: Battle of Bailén: French General Dupont surrenders to Spanish irregular forces.
• 1808Peninsular War: British expeditionary force lands near Porto.
• 1808Peninsular War: Battle of Roliça: A British-Portuguese army under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeats an outnumbered French army under General Henri Delaborde.
• 1808Peninsular War: Battle of Vimeiro – British-Portuguese troops under Wellesley defeat the French under General Jean-Andoche Junot.
• 1808Peninsular War: Battle of Tudela: French forces under Marshal Jean Lannes defeat a Spanish army.
• 1808Peninsular War: Battle of Somosierra: A French cavalry charge of the Polish Chevau-léger (some 8,000 horsemen) of the Imperial Guard under Baron Jan Kozietulski overwhelm the Spanish positions at Somosierra. The victory removes the last obstacle barring the road to Madrid.
• 1808Peninsular War: Second siege of Zaragoza begins.
• 1809Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean Lannes begins the Siege of Zaragoza.

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USSR / Russia1

• 1807Battle of Friedland: Napoleon decisively defeats Bennigsen's Russian army.

Asia4

• 1803The British begin the Second Anglo-Maratha War, against the Scindia Dynasty of Gwalior.
• 1803Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Delhi – British troops under General Lake defeat the Marathas of Scindia's army, under General Louis Bourquin.
• 1803Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Assaye – British-led troops defeat Maratha forces.
• 1804The Nguyễn dynasty emperor Gia Long changes his country's official name from Đại Việt to Việt Nam.

Middle East1

• 1801The pascha of Tripoli declares war on the United States, by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down.

Latin America3

• 1803Haitian Revolution: Battle of Vertières – The Haitian army, led by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, defeats the French army sent by Napoleon.
• 1804Haiti gains independence from France, becoming the first independent Black state in the New World.
• 1804Jean-Jacques Dessalines holds his coronation as Jean-Jacques I, Emperor of Haiti.